One of the most fascinating and mysterious properties of the brain is its capacity
to learn, or its ability to change in response to experience and to retain that
knowledge throughout an organism’s lifetime. The ability to learn and to establish
new memories is fundamental to our very existence; we rely on memory to engage
in effective actions, to understand the words we read, to recognise the objects we
see, to decode the auditory signals representing speech, and even to provide us
with a personal identity and sense of self. Memory plays such an important and
ubiquitous role that it is often taken for granted—the only time most people pay
attention to their memory is when it fails, as too often happens through brain
injury or disease....
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